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Raster graphics are the opposite of vector graphics these are directly encoded as the rows (raster lines) of final pixel colors for each point in the image grid. The edges of anti-aliased shapes can therefore sometimes look blurry, instead of jagged.

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With anti-aliasing, they would be full circles, but at a reduced color intensity. With aliasing, all the colored dots that are cut by the edges in Figure 1-X1 would be either full circles or removed completely. This jaggedness is often minimized by partially coloring the edge pixels to smooth out the curves (anti-aliasing). However, the overall size and shape is the same, except for a slight jaggedness (pixelation or aliasing) around the edges on the low-resolution display, caused by the fixed size and spacing of the dots. The number of rows and dots that fill in the shape are quite different between a low resolution and a high resolution printer or display.

A vector graphic rasterized at different resolutions Rather than storing separate, pixelated representations for each possible size of text, vector fonts often only need one set of shapes, regardless of size.įigure 1-X1. The same principles are used in TrueType and other vector font formats.

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The rasterizer software calculates when each of these raster-line crosses an edge in the vector graphic, and changes the color when it does. The word comes from the latin for “rake”, and refers to the way the image is calculated as a series of parallel lines, like the lines made by the tines of a rake across the ground. The software can calculate which pixels on the screen would fit within the shape outlines, in a process called rasterization. As the printer head moves across the page, the software tells it whether to drop or not drop a spot of ink at any given point. However, by using a set of vector shapes to define the boundaries of what a letter or image looks like, a program can test whether any given point is within that boundary.

For publishing, the key benefit was the ability to create high-resolution printed documents, without requiring the position of every drop of ink to be encoded in the computer file.Ĭomputer printers do not (usually) draw vector graphics directly, tracing along the lines like you would draw a shape with a pen. The DWG (“drawing”) format-used by AutoCAD and other computer-assisted drafting software-and the PostScript language-used in Adobe’s desktop publishing software, and later in PDF-were both developed in the early 1980s.įor drafting, the mathematical precision of vector graphics is essential. Vector graphics form the basis of many computer applications, and they’ve been around almost as long as the personal computer. Because the vector graphics define the path that the lines should take, rather than a set of points along the way, they can be used to calculate any number of points, and so can be used at any image resolution. Vector graphics consist of mathematical descriptions of shapes as a combination of these numerical vectors. For 2D graphics, the dimensions are usually horizontal ( x) and vertical ( y). Usually represented as a list of numbers, they break down the overall change between the two states into the net displacement as measured in different, independent dimensions.

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They describe how to get from here to there. Vectors, in mathematics, are numerical representations of movement or of a difference in two states. SVG stands for Scalable Vector Graphics, but what does that mean? Book Home Chapter 1 Summary All Online Extras Understanding Vector Graphics

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Using SVG with CSS3 and HTML5 - Supplementary Material Using SVG with CSS3 and HTML5 - Supplementary MaterialĮxample code and online extras for the O'Reilly Media book by Amelia Bellamy-Royds, Kurt Cagle, and Dudley Storey.

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